Brass is a versatile alloy primarily composed of copper and zinc, with various compositions tailored for specific industrial applications. The percentage of zinc and the presence of other alloying elements define the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and machinability of different brass grades. Below, we explore the key types of brass compositions, their chemical properties, and their applications.

1. Free-Cutting Brass (C3604, C3603, C36000, CZ121, C38500)

Free-cutting brass is known for its excellent machinability, making it a preferred choice in precision engineering.

Chemical Composition:

• C3604, C3603, C36000 (Free Machining Brass):

  • Copper (Cu): 60-63%

  • Zinc (Zn): Balance

  • Lead (Pb): 2.5-3.7%

  • Iron (Fe): 0.35% max

  • Nickel (Ni): 0.5% max

• CZ121 (CW614N) & C38500:

  • Copper (Cu): 57-59%

  • Zinc (Zn): Balance

  • Lead (Pb): 2.5-3.5%

  • Iron (Fe): 0.35% max

Properties:

• High machinability (100% machinability rating)

• Good corrosion resistance

• Moderate strength and ductility

Applications:

• Electrical components

• Precision turned parts

• Plumbing fittings

• Valves and connectors

2. Forging Brass (C37000, CW617N, CW609N)

Forging brass alloys are optimized for hot working applications due to their excellent strength and thermal conductivity.

Chemical Composition:

• C37000:

  • Copper (Cu): 58-61%

  • Zinc (Zn): Balance

  • Lead (Pb): 0.8-1.5%

  • Iron (Fe): 0.10% max

• CW617N, CW609N:

  • Copper (Cu): 57-59%

  • Zinc (Zn): Balance

  • Lead (Pb): 1.8-2.5%

  • Iron (Fe): 0.3% max

  • Aluminum (Al): 0.05% max

Properties:

• High hot-working capacity

• Excellent strength

• Good corrosion resistance

Applications:

• Gas fittings

• Valve bodies

• Plumbing fixtures

• Industrial hardware

3. Naval Brass (CW614N, CW603N, CW509L)

Naval brass is a corrosion-resistant alloy commonly used in marine environments and high-strength applications.

Chemical Composition:

• CW614N:

  • Copper (Cu): 58-60%

  • Zinc (Zn): Balance

  • Lead (Pb): 2.5-3.5%

  • Iron (Fe): 0.35% max

• CW603N:

  • Copper (Cu): 60-63%

  • Zinc (Zn): Balance

  • Lead (Pb): 0.8-1.5%

  • Iron (Fe): 0.10% max

• CW509L:

  • Copper (Cu): 62-65%

  • Zinc (Zn): Balance

  • Lead (Pb): 0.5% max

  • Iron (Fe): 0.10% max

Properties:

• Excellent corrosion resistance, especially in seawater

• High strength and durability

• Good thermal and electrical conductivity

Applications:

• Marine fittings

• Heat exchangers

• Pump parts

• High-pressure valves

4. General Engineering Brass

Some brass grades are formulated for general engineering applications, offering a balance of strength, machinability, and corrosion resistance.

Key Grades and Chemical Composition:

• CW508L (CuZn37):

  • Copper (Cu): 62-65%

  • Zinc (Zn): Balance

  • Lead (Pb): 0.1% max

• CW511L (CuZn38As):

  • Copper (Cu): 59-61%

  • Zinc (Zn): Balance

  • Arsenic (As): 0.02-0.06%

Properties:

• Good cold-working capacity

• High strength and hardness

• Moderate corrosion resistance

Applications:

• Automotive components

• Architectural hardware

• Decorative fittings

he selection of a brass alloy depends on its intended application, required mechanical properties, and environmental factors. High machinability alloys like C3604 and C36000 are ideal for precision parts, whereas forging brass like C37000 and CW617N is preferred for heavy-duty components. Naval brass such as CW614N and CW603N excels in marine environments due to its superior corrosion resistance.

At Lexus Metal Alloys, we manufacture high-quality brass products catering to diverse industrial needs. Our expertise in brass composition ensures superior performance, durability, and compliance with international standards.

For more information about our brass alloys and custom manufacturing solutions, contact us today!